Buchem ve arkadaşlarına göre Kişisel Öğrenme Ortamları
konusundaki çalışmalar 21. Yüzyılın başında Oleg Liber, Dave Tosh, Scott
Wilson, Graham Attwell ve Stephen Downes tarafından başlatıldı. Kişisel Öğrenme
Ortamı terimi ilk kez 2001 yılında Olivier ve Liber’e ait bir makalede ((Olivier & Liber, 2001)) kullanıldı (Buchem, Attwell, & Torres, 2011).
Kişisel öğrenme ortamlarının ortaya çıkışının sanal öğrenme
ortamlarına yönelik tartışmalarla başladığı, 2004’den sonra Web 2.0 dünyasında
yaşanan gelişmelerle de olgunlaştığı görülmektedir.
Kişisel öğrenme ortamları için önerilen tanımların bir
listesini oluşturmaya Ilona Buchem’in “Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) A
Collection of Definitions” sunumundaki tanımlarla başlayacağız. (Buchem, 2010).
Buchem bu tanımları internetteki kaynaklardan topladığı için bazılarına ait
bağlantıların çalışmadığı görülmektedir. Buchem’in seçtiği yazarlar Kişisel Öğrenme Ortamlarını açıklamak
amacıyla değişik kavramlara başvurmuşlardır:
Personal learning center
“ The e-learning application (…) begins to look very much
like a blogging tool. It represents one node in a web of content, connected to
other nodes and content creation services used by other students. It becomes,
not an institutional or corporate application, but a personal learning center ,
where content is reused and remixed according to the student's own needs and
interests. It becomes, indeed, not a single application, but a collection of
interoperating applications — an environment rather than a system.” Stephen
Downes,
Facility
“ A Personal Learning Environment is a facility for an
individual to access, aggregate, configure and manipulate digital artifacts of
their ongoing learning experiences.” Ron Lubensky,
Interface
“ The PLE is a unique interface into the owners digital
environment. It integrates their personal and professional interests (including
their formal and informal learning), connecting these via a series of
syndicated and distributed feeds.” Terry Anderson,
System
“ Personal Learning Environments are systems that help
learners take control of and manage their own learning. This includes providing
support for learners to set their own learning goals, manage their learning;
managing both content and process, communicate with others in the process of
learning and thereby achieve learning goals. A PLE may be composed of one or
more sub-systems: As such it may be a desktop application, or composed of one
or more web-based services.” Mark van Harmelen,
Educational manifestation of the web
“ Where the LMS is vertically integrated and institutionally
centralized, the PLE is the educational manifestation of the web ’s small
pieces loosely joined.” Jonathan Mott,
Personal space/Social landscape
“ A PLE is not only a personal space , which belongs to and
is controlled by the learner, but is also a social landscape that offers means
to connect with other personal spaces in order to leverage knowledge within
open and emergent knowledge ecologies. (…)The distributed PLEs can be loosely
connected to build a knowledge ecology (which) is open, distributed, diverse,
emergent, self-organized, and learner-controlled.” Mohamed Amine Chatti,
Ecosystem
“ An ecosystem of connected educational resources
facilitated by a (large) set of tools and fueled by collaboration opportunities
facilitating the consumption of content that enables an increased understanding
of specific knowledge domains.” Lee Kraus,
Collection of tools/Conceptual notions
“ PLEs aren’t an entity, structural object or software
program in the sense of a learning management system. Essentially, they are a
collection of tools , brought together under the conceptual notion of openness,
interoperability, and learner control. As such, they are comprised of two
elements – the tools and the conceptual notions that drive how and why we
select individual parts. PLEs are a concept-entity.” George Siemens,
Knowledge Network (digital & non-digital)
“ My personalized learning environment is a knowledge
network that includes my browser favorites, my RSS feeds, my electronic
documents and so on. But it's also non-digital and not easily captured in my
browser. It includes my wife, friends and work colleagues, my tennis coach, my
books, magazines and newspapers, the TV I watch, the films I see, the radio
programmes that I listen to.” Clive Shepherd,
A new approach
“ Yet for all the talk there was no consensus on what a
Personal Learning Environment (PLE) might be. The only thing most people seemed
to agree on was that it was not a software application. Instead it was more of
a new approach to using technologies for learning . Underpinning a number of
the discussions was the issue of what role teachers and institutions would play
if learners themselves developed and controlled their own online learning
environment.” Graham Attwell,
A new pattern of users’ practices
“ We characterize this new pattern a Personal Learning
Environment, although unlike the VLE this is primarily a pattern concerned with
the practices of users in learning with diverse technologies , rather than a
category of software. ” Scott Wilson et al.,
Sonraki blog sayfalarımda kişisel öğrenme ortamlarının tanımlarını
tarihsel gelişimine göre inceleyeceğim.
Yararlanılan kaynaklar
Buchem,
I., Attwell, G., & Torres, R. (2011). Understanding Personal Learning
Environments: Literature review and synthesis through the Activity Theory lens.
Proceedings of the The PLE Conference 2011.
